Biology: Biology is a branch of science which deals with the study of living organisms. Cytology: Cytology or cell biology is the study of the structure and function of the cell. Cell: Cell is the functional and fundamental unit of life. Cellular Respiration: Cellular respiration is a process by which cells produce the energy that … Read more
The term ‘Echinodermata’ is derived from Greek words ‘echinos’ meaning ‘spiny’ and ‘dermos’ meaning ‘skin’. The representatives of phylum Echinodermata are absolutely marine organisms and this phylum contains about 7,000 known living species. Among them, notable species are sea urchins, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, sea stars, etc. Scientists did not trace any freshwater … Read more
The cell is the fundamental structural, biological and functional unit of living things. The typical cell contains the most outstanding visual and functional feature, the nucleus. The nucleus is the most prominent organelle which occupies about 10 % of the volume of the cell. The nucleus is the double membrane-bounded dense round cellular component which … Read more
The place where living organisms live with their surrounding forms its environment. Both physical and biotic environment together forms environment. Soil, water, air, light, temperature, topography, biogenic salt, pH, humidity, pressure, etc. form physical environment, whereas the plants, animals, microorganisms, food, parasites, enemies, etc. form the biotic environment. Living organisms and environments are interdependent. With … Read more
The term ‘ferment’ is derived from the Latin word ‘fervere’ meaning “to boil.” In the late 14th century, alchemists described fermentation process and it became the subject of scientific investigation in the 16th century. In the 1860s, Louis Pasteur studied the fermentation process. In 1897, German chemist Eduard Buechner first used fermentation process scientifically and … Read more
The enzyme is a substance that performs as a biological organic catalyst to enhance the chemical reactions. Enzymes are produced by cells but the presence of cell is not essential for their activity. All enzymes are protein in nature. Many enzymes are simple proteins and do not require any additional factor for their activity. Some enzymes … Read more