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The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants which are also known as Acrogymnospermae. The term ‘Gymnosperm’ is originated from two Greek words, ‘gymnos’ meaning naked and ‘sperma’ meaning seed. It is a smaller ancient group of plants that produce naked seeds because their seeds are not enclosed by a fruit. On earth, more than … Read more
Ecological balance is maintained when the environmental factors remain in a state of balance. If one or more of these factors are disturbed to any extent, then they may be recovered soon. But gross natural calamities like flood, earthquake, volcanic eruption, etc. destroy the ecological balance considerably and environmental organisms are liable to destruction. The … Read more
Biology: Biology is a branch of science which deals with the study of living organisms. Cytology: Cytology or cell biology is the study of the structure and function of the cell. Cell: Cell is the functional and fundamental unit of life. Cellular Respiration: Cellular respiration is a process by which cells produce the energy that … Read more
The term ‘Echinodermata’ is derived from Greek words ‘echinos’ meaning ‘spiny’ and ‘dermos’ meaning ‘skin’. The representatives of phylum Echinodermata are absolutely marine organisms and this phylum contains about 7,000 known living species. Among them, notable species are sea urchins, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, sea stars, etc. Scientists did not trace any freshwater … Read more
The cell is the fundamental structural, biological and functional unit of living things. The typical cell contains the most outstanding visual and functional feature, the nucleus. The nucleus is the most prominent organelle which occupies about 10 % of the volume of the cell. The nucleus is the double membrane-bounded dense round cellular component which … Read more
The place where living organisms live with their surrounding forms its environment. Both physical and biotic environment together forms environment. Soil, water, air, light, temperature, topography, biogenic salt, pH, humidity, pressure, etc. form physical environment, whereas the plants, animals, microorganisms, food, parasites, enemies, etc. form the biotic environment. Living organisms and environments are interdependent. With … Read more