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The term ‘chromosome’ is consisted of two Greek words ‘Chroma’ and ‘soma’ which means color body. The chromosomes have gene bearing rod-shaped form. It is generally found in the nucleus which becomes visible during the cell division. The chromosomes also bears hereditary information. In 1942, Karl Nagli observed the rod-like chromosome in the nucleus … Read more
Fish is one of the major sources of animal origin protein. Fisheries have a unique role in providing employment, foreign exchange earnings, and nutrition. About 65 to 70 percent of the protein we consume every day comes from fish. There are various species of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae under the order Cypriniformes. These fish are … Read more
Fishes are cold-blooded vertebrate aquatic animals. They prefer to feed various types of food due to their different food and feeding habits. Among them, some feed on plant-based food and some like to eat animal-based foods while many fish species take both plants and animals based food and they are known as omnivorous. In this … Read more
There are many hormones in the human body. Among them growth hormone and the thyroid hormones play an important role in the growth of the body. Growth hormones are secreted from the hypophysis or pituitary gland, also known as master gland while the thyroid hormones are produced from the thyroid gland. Growth Hormones and its … Read more
Aves is a class of vertebrates that comprises the birds’ species. Birds are bipedal, feathered, and endothermic egg-laying animals. They are found worldwide, and their size ranges from 5 cm (bee hummingbird) to 2.75 m (ostrich). Among the tetrapod classes, birds constitute the largest number of species. There are about 10,000 living modern bird species … Read more
Citric acid cycle consists of number of reactions which produce NADH and FADH₂ and then they are used by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to make ATP which then passes through the electron transport system. The citric acid cycle happens in the matrix of the mitochondria of the cell. The oxydation of pyruvic acid takes place … Read more