DNA is also known as deoxyribonucleic acid. German biochemist Frederich Miescher first observed DNA in 1869. He termed the material nuclein, which he isolated from pus cells that he collected from bandages discarded by a nearby clinic. Frederick Griffith realized that DNA might hold genetic information in 1928. Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin figured out the double helix … Read more
The representatives of the phylum Annelida are known as segmented worms or ringed worms. Annelida is derived from Latin word ‘anellus’ meaning little ring. It is a large phylum with over 22,000 living species. Among them, Polychaetes constitute about 12,000 species while Clitellates contains about 10,000 species. The major groups include earthworms, ragworms and leeches. … Read more
The endocrine system consists of a number of ductless glands which produces chemical substances, known as a hormone. Hormones work individually in very low concentration and take part in different chemical reactions or can act as a catalyst. They are generally protein in nature and never stored in any other place for future use except … Read more
Algae are a diverse group of eukaryotic cellular or multi-cellular organisms. They inhabit both in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Some occur in moist stones, wood, soils, on ice, or snow. They have photosynthetic pigments that perform photosynthesis, produce oxygen, and remove at least half of the total carbon dioxide from the earth`s atmosphere. Algae perform … Read more
The cell is the fundamental structural, biological and functional unit of all living organisms. It is also known as building block of life. The numbers of cells vary from species to species. Each cell is enclosed by a membrane and composes of proteins and nucleic acids. In bacteria, fungi, algae and plant cell, the outer … Read more
The cell is the functional and structural unit of all living organisms. The eukaryotic cells are present both in the plants and animals. The cells have various shapes, sizes, and physiology. Each cell is composed of cell membrane, cytoplasm, different organelles , nucleus, and ergastic substances. Cytosol is the part of cytoplasm which contains over 70% … Read more