Aves is a class of vertebrates that comprises the birds’ species. Birds are bipedal, feathered, and endothermic egg-laying animals. They are found worldwide, and their size ranges from 5 cm (bee hummingbird) to 2.75 m (ostrich). Among the tetrapod classes, birds constitute the largest number of species. There are about 10,000 living modern bird species … Read more
Citric acid cycle consists of number of reactions which produce NADH and FADH₂ and then they are used by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to make ATP which then passes through the electron transport system. The citric acid cycle happens in the matrix of the mitochondria of the cell. The oxydation of pyruvic acid takes place … Read more
Gibberellin The gibberellin is the plant hormone that contains diterpenoids organic acid and acts as growth regulator of the plants. The fungus Gibberella fujikuroi is responsible for fooling seedling disease or bakanae disease. Eiichi Kurosawa ( a Japanese scientist) first identified this disease in 1926. Later on, Tokyo University showed that this fungus Gibberella fujikuroi … Read more
Non-membranous tubules are present in the eukaryotic cell`s cytoplasm. These tubules are hollow and ultrafine and their number is numerous in the cytoplasm. These tubules are made up of protein, known as tubulin which maintains the cell shape and plays an important role in the movement. Other proteins like Kinesin and dynein are also found … Read more
Plants can be broadly divided into two types: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. In this case, flowering plant is also known as angiosperms while non-flowering plant is known as gymnosperms. Based on the nature of the embryo in the seed, angiosperms are again divided into the following two types: Monocotyledonous (Monocots) and Dicotyledonous (Dicots) plants. … Read more
The heart in all animals is a muscular organ. In human, it is placed in the position of the thoracic cavity just behind the sternum and is slightly tilted to the left. Thus, the heart-beat is felt on the left side. It pumps blood throughout the blood vessels to various parts of the body by … Read more