Kidney: Structure and Functions

The body needs some essential foods for maintaining proper growth. These foods should be some protein like meat, fish, eggs, milk, pulse, etc. which are hydrolyzed into amino acids during digestion. Some amounts of amino acid are utilized in metabolic process of energy production. During the metabolic process, some nitrogenous wastes are produced as byproducts … Read more

Eutrophication: Causes, Impacts and Control Strategies

The word ‘eutrophication’ actually comes from a Greek word meaning excessive feeding. When this process starts in a reservoir, it faces terrible consequences. Excessive feeding means that the basic substances that fall into the reservoir cannot be controlled and if this condition continues, the reservoir eventually becomes eutrophic and becomes a dead ecosystem. According to … Read more

Lake Morphology and Morphometry

The origin of a lake reflects some basic conditions of lake morphology and morphometry. These conditions change over time due to numerous factors, especially human activities and other events in the catchment area. Such interactions with lakes and reservoirs are very important because of the relationship between the area of the lake or basin, the … Read more

Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)

Human Immunodeficiency virus or HIV is the causative agents of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It attacks the immune system of the body and can lead to AIDS. HIV infects and kills the helper T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. There is no effective treatment of AIDS but if you take proper medical care, HIV can … Read more

Role of Plankton in Aquaculture

Farming organisms such as fish receive nutrients other than minerals through taking food. In nature, most organisms survive by consuming live food such as plankton from the environment. However, some living organism takes dead organic particles as food. Phytoplankton is the primary food of many aquatic larvae. The larvae of most species eat completely zooplankton … Read more

Echinococcus granulosus: Morphology, Life Cycle and Pathogenesis

Echinococcus granulosus is a parasitic worm which belongs to the family Taeniidae under order Cyclophyllidea of class Cestoda. It is also known as Dog tapeworm, Hydatid worm or Hyper-tape worm. It is found all over the world. The larval form causes hydatid disease in man. This disease is also known as human echinococcosis or hydatidosis. … Read more