To keep aquarium inhabitants healthy, you should always maintain all the water parameters on regular basis. In general, the water of the aquarium is influenced by several physico-chemical parameters. Among them, pH plays an important role to make the aquarium inhabitants happy and healthy. Maintaining a suitable pH level in your aquarium is the biggest … Read more
Fish are the cold-blooded animal and they need the energy to make the body warm. In nature, fish eat several times daily if foods are available. Therefore, you should feed the fish as much as they can eat. The challenging job is to keep the newly hatched fry live and healthy. Newly hatched fish cannot … Read more
The ribosome is one of the essential membrane-bound organelles of the cells. It has tiny sphere-shaped structure. It contains protein and ribose nucleic acid (RNA) and provides space for protein synthesis. It is found in the cytoplasm, mitochondrial matrix, and chloroplast. It is also found on the outer membrane of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and nucleus. … Read more
When we think about pets, the most common animals that come to our mind are the ‘Dogs’ and ‘Cats.’ People used to argue often on the point that which one is better! The argument can never be solved easily, in fact, it’s not possible to come to a single decision about it, especially when it’s … Read more
Definition: The word mitochondria come from two Greek words, mito meaning thread and chondrion meaning granule. It has double membrane enclosed rounded or rod-like or filamentous bodies which generate chemical energy in the form of ATP. It is scattered throughout the cytoplasm in most of the cells.
History of Mitochondria: Scientist Kolliker (1850) first observed mitochondria in the striated muscle. Flemming (1882) named it as fila. Rechard Altmann (1897) referred to the mitochondria as Bioplasts. Carl Benda (1897) first called these organelles as mitochondria.
Distribution and occurrence: It is not found in the prokaryotic cell and matured circulated RBC. Generally they are evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. It is also found in the base of the proximal convoluted tubules of nephron. The number of mitochondria present in the cell depends on its activities. Plant cell contains less number of mitochondria than animal cell. A normal liver cell may contain 1000-1600 mitochondria while some oocytes may contain more than 300000 mitochondria. On the other hand, Microasterias algae contain only one mitochondrion
Structure of Mitochondria: Mitochondria have generally spherical or rod-shaped or filamentous structures. It is about 3.0-7.0 µm in length and 0.2-2.0 µm in diameter. It usually consists of two unit membranes, two chambers, mitochondrial matrixs and mitochondrial particles. Every mitochondria is bounded by the double membranes, the outer membrane and inner membrane. Each membrane is made up of lipo-protein and it is about 60 Angstrom thick. The outer membrane is smoothed and covers the mitochondria but the inner membrane remains folded inward at various points to form a number of incomplete partitions which are known as the cristae or mitochondrialis cristae. The two membranes remain 60-80 Angstroms apart from each other. The space between the two membranes is filled up with fluid.
The cell is the structural and functional unit of life, which is also known as “building blocks of life.” The science which deals with the study of cells is referred to as Cytology or cell biology. Robert Hooke first discovered the cells in 1665. Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann first developed a cell theory … Read more