Best Retinoscopes: Review and Buying Guide

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Retina transmits light down the optical nerve so you can see clearly in both bright and dim lighting conditions. The main function of the retina is to transform the rays of light (which strike the eye) into electrical impulses that travel through the optic nerve to your brain. This process allows you to see clearly … Read more

Black Phantom Tetra

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The black phantom tetra is a tropical fish which is also known as the big-eyed black phantom or just phantom tetra. It is a small freshwater fish that belongs to the family Characidae under order Characiformes. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraguay-Paraná River basin. Systematic Position Phylum: ChordataSubphylum: VertebrataClass: … Read more

Chondrichthyes: Characteristics, Classification and Examples

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The word ‘chondrichthyes’ came from Greek word ‘chondr’ meaning cartilage and ‘ichthys’ meaning fish. Chondrichthyes include all the cartilaginous fishes that contain cartilaginous skeletons. All the representatives of this group have jaws and paired fins with paired nares. The body is covered with placoid scales. Their body growth range from 10 cm (finless sleeper ray) … Read more

Glycolipid: Types and Functions

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The term “glycolipid” defines the combined lipids of the glycerol moiety and these fatty acid chains. Glycolipids occur in nature in combination with proteins, forming larger structures known as glycosomes. Glycolipid is an amphiphilic molecule that shows promise for fighting cancer. It looks like a small soap-bubble; surfactant-based, it dissolves in water (hydrophilic), and within … Read more

Disinfection and Sterilization

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Disinfection and sterilization are two terms that are often confused by people because on the surface they would appear to mean the same thing. However, there is a very clear difference between disinfection and sterilization. Properly disinfecting a surface means that it has been thoroughly cleaned of visible dirt, removing any remaining bacteria with a … Read more

Fish: Definition and Characteristics

Fish Definition & Characteristics

Fish is a primitive jawed vertebrate animal (Phylum: Chordata). They are cool-blooded aquatic animals that breathe and move with the help of fins. Fish originated in the Ordovician period and spread in the Devonian period. That is why Devonian is called the golden age of fish. The study of fish is called Ichthyology. Fish are … Read more